Whitepapers
GraphQL vs. REST: A Technical Comparison With Historical Context
How Facebook's failing mobile app in 2012 produced a query language that now powers GitHub, Shopify, and Twitter, with an honest assessment of when each paradigm is genuinely the better choice.
The Complete Guide to REST API Design Principles
A deep examination of every constraint Roy Fielding defined in his 2000 dissertation, how the industry adopted and misunderstood them, and how companies like Stripe, GitHub, and Twilio implement each principle in practice.
A Comprehensive History of APIs
From the earliest subroutine libraries of the 1940s through REST, SOAP, GraphQL, and the AI era, a complete chronological account of how application programming interfaces shaped the modern technology landscape.
The API Audit Framework: A Practitioner's Guide to Evaluating API Health
A six-pillar scoring framework for evaluating any API across design, security, performance, developer experience, governance, and business strategy — with quantitative benchmarks, qualitative assessment methods, and a 0–100 scoring rubric built from first principles.